Analysis of risk factors of postoperative acute kidney injury in elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures / 国际外科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the risk factors of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in the elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures.Methods:The clinical data of elderly patients who underwent surgery for intertrochanteric fractures in Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from July 2018 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, which was divided into AKI group and non-AKI group according to whether AKI occurred after surgery, with 33 cases in the AKI group and 274 cases in the non-AKI group. The data from two groups of patients including age, gender, body mass index, underlying diseases, Charlson comorbidity index(CCI), pre- and postoperative related laboratory indicators, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, anesthesia and surgical methods, operation time, intraoperative hypotension, blood transfusion, perioperative medication and other electronic case data were compared. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as the mean±standard deviation ( ± s), and comparison between groups was conducted using t-test. The measurement data of non-normal distribution were expressed by median (interquartile range) [ M( Q1, Q3)], and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison between groups. Comparison between groups of count data was conducted using the Chi-square test or Fisher exact test. Univariate analysis was conducted on the pertinent indicators of the two groups, and the indicators with statistically significant were chosen for incorporation into the multivariate Logistic regression analysis to investigate the independent risk factors for postoperative AKI. Results:The incidence of postoperative AKI was 10.75% in elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures. Results of the univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences between the two groups in diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, CCI ≥2, baseline serum creatinine, preoperative blood urea nitrogen, preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate, preoperative and early postoperative serum albumin levels, intraoperative hypotension, and perioperative blood transfusion( P<0.05). Results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that CCI ≥ 2 ( OR =3.231, 95% CI: 1.150-9.074, P =0.026) and intraoperative hypotension ( OR =4.617, 95% CI: 1.746-12.205, P=0.002) were associated with the occurrence of AKI after intertrochanteric fracture surgery. Conclusion:CCI≥2 and intraoperative hypotension are independent risk factors of postoperative AKI in the elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures.

Clinical Study of Intestinal Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Children / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of intestinal acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in children and futher evaluate the occurring risk factors.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 136 patients undergoing allo-HSCT in Wuhan Children's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College from August 2016 to August 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, clinical characteristics of children with intestinal aGVHD were observed. The risk factors of intestinal aGVHD were assessed by logistic regression while cumulative survival were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method.@*RESULTS@#Among 136 patients intestinal aGVHD occurred in 24 (17.6%) cases, with 4 cases of grade II, 20 cases of grade III-IV, and the median occurrence time was 28(10-63) days. The clinical manifestations were diarrhea with intermittent abdominal pain, 17 cases with nausea and vomiting, 11 cases with fresh bloody stool, and 8 cases with skin rash before intestinal aGVHD. The average time for treatment was 33(11-100) days. 18 cases received electronic colonoscopy and histopathology examination. 20 out of 24 cases achieved remission after treatment, and the total effective rate was 83.3%. Finally, 9 out of 24 cases died during the follow-up time. Survival analysis showed that the cumulative survival rate of patients with intestinal aGVHD (15/24, 62.5%) were significantly lower than those without intestinal aGVHD (101/112, 90.2%) (Log-rank test, P=0.001). Univariate analysis showed that recipient age, sex, primary disease, donor age, donor sex, donor-recipient blood type, conditioning regimen, prophylaxis of GVHD, dosage of ATG, engraft time of blood platelet and neutrophils, and number of MNC/CD34+ were not risk factors for intestinal aGVHD (P>0.05). Only the type of HSCT (χ2=16.020, P=0.001) and matched degree of HLA (χ2=15.502, P=0.001) had statistical significance with intestinal aGVHD (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that only HLA-mismatched unrelated donor was the risk factor for intestinal aGVHD for children (P=0.014，OR=16，95%CI 1.735-147.543).@*CONCLUSION@#Intestinal aGVHD is a risk factor for cumulative survial of patients who received allo-HSCT in children and HLA-mismatched unrelated donor is its independent risk factor.

The Relationship between Plasma sST2/Reg3α Levels and Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Children After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the relationship between plasma sST2/Reg3α levels and acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) in children after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 29 pediatric patients received allo-HSCT treatment in Department of Hematology and Oncology of Wuhan Children's Hospital from January 2019 to January 2020 were collected. Peripheral blood samples were collected at 14 and 28 day after allo-HSCT. The plasma concentrations of sST2 and Reg3α were detected by Luminex assay.@*RESULTS@#Among 29 patients there were 15 males and 14 females with a median age of 53 (29-117) months. After allo-HSCT, 18 patients developed grade 0-I aGVHD; while 11 patients developed grade II-IV aGVHD. These included skin aGVHD in 6 cases, gastrointestinal aGVHD (GI-aGVHD) in 3 cases and gastrointestinal/skin aGVHD in 5 cases. Plasma sST2 level in II-IV aGVHD group showed significantly higher than that in 0-I aGVHD group at 28 days after allo-HSCT [101.81 (73.94-150.77) ng/ml vs 48.97 (28.82-56.69) ng/ml, P=0.021]. Also, the plasma sST2 level was significantly higher in GI-aGVHD group than that in no-aGVHD group at 28 days after allo-HSCT [118.74 (87.00-243.36) ng/ml vs 48.97 (23.55-61.40) ng/ml, P=0.004]. Plasma sST2 level ≥65.34 ng/ml at 28 days after allo-HSCT showed a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 87.5% in predicting II-IV aGVHD. And the patients with a plasma sST2 level ≥65.34 ng/ml showed a significantly higher incidence of II-IV aGVHD than those with plasma sST2 level of < 65.34 ng/ml after allo-HSCT (P=0.021). There was no significant difference in plasma Reg3α level between the patients with II-IV aGVHD and the non-aGVHD ones.@*CONCLUSION@#The increasing plasma sST2 level after allo-HSCT in children indicates the development of II-IV aGVHD, so sST2 is promising as a biomarker for predicting II-IV aGVHD.

Analysis of the Outcome and Prognostic Factors of Cyclosporine A in Children with Non-severe Aplastic Anemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To summarize the long-term efficacy of cyclosporine (CsA) in the treatment of non-severe aplastic anemia (NSAA) in children, and explore the early significant indicators.@*METHODS@#Data of 36 NSAA children in Department of Hematological Oncology, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 2013 to December 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. All the children received oral CsA immunosuppressive therapy, and CsA trough concentration was checked to maintain at the rage of 200-250 μg/L after 2 weeks. The evaluation time points were at 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months, and assessment items were peripheral white blood cell differential count and reticulocyte's percentage and count.@*RESULTS@#The 36 NSAA cases were composed of 16 males and 20 females, whose median age was 5.46 (2.92-7.99) years old, and median follow-up time was 28.00 (10.00-38.25) months. After taking oral CsA for 24 months, the number of cumulative effective cases was 21. There were 4 cases of complete remission (CR), 17 cases of partial remission (PR), and 15 cases of non-remission (NR). The total effective rate was 58.33%, and median effect-acting time of CsA was 3.0 (0.5-10.0) months. Compared with ineffective group, neutrophil (NEU) and red blood cell (RBC) of effective group (CR+PR) began to increase significantly at the 3rd month, and hemoglobin (Hb), platelet (PLT) and white blood cell (WBC) increase significantly at the 6th month after oral CsA administration (P<0.05). Except for 2 cases who received component transfusion within 3-12 months after taking oral CsA for 3 months in effective group, the others did not need.@*CONCLUSION@#The overall effective rate of oral CsA in children with NSAA was 58.33%. Stopping blood transfusion after the 3 months of treatment may be considered as a turning point for disease outcomes, and levels of NEU, RBC at the 3rd month and Hb, PLT, WBC at the 6th month as indicators for predicting disease prognosis.

Co-fermentation of kitchen waste and excess sludge for organic acid production: a review / 生物工程学报

Resource utilization is an effective way to cope with the rapid increase of kitchen waste and excess sludge, and volatile fatty acids produced by anaerobic fermentation is an important way of recycling organic waste. However, the single substrate limits the efficient production of volatile fatty acids. In recent years, volatile fatty acids produced by anaerobic co-fermentation using different substrates has been widely studied and applied. In this paper, we analyze the characteristics of fermentation to produce acid using kitchen waste and excess sludge alone or mixture. Influences of environmental factors and microbial community structure on the type and yield of volatile fatty acids in the anaerobic fermentation system are discussed in detail. Moreover, we propose future research directions, to provide a reference for recycling kitchen waste and excess sludge.

Clinicopathological features and prognosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors with KIT/PDGFRA gene "homozygous mutation": a multicenter retrospective cohort study / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) with KIT/PDGFRA "homozygous mutation", the efficacy of targeted therapy and the prognosis. Methods: A retrospective cohort study and propensity score matching were used. "Homozygous mutation" was defined as the detection of KIT/PDGFRA gene status of GIST by Sanger sequencing, which showed that there was only mutant gene sequence in the sequencing map, lack of wild-type sequence or the peak height of mutant gene sequence was much higher than that of wild-type gene sequence (> 3 times). "Heterozygous mutation" was defined as the mutant gene sequences coexisted with wild type gene sequences, and the peak height was similar (3 times or less). The clinicopathological data and follow-up information of 92 GIST patients with KIT/PDGFRA "homozygous mutation" were collected from 4 hospitals in Shanghai from January 2008 to May 2021 (Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine: 70 cases; Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University: 14 cases; Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University: 6 cases and Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine: 2 cases). Patients with perioperative death, other malignancies, and incomplete clinicopathological information were excluded. The clinicopathological features of the patients and the efficacy of targeted drug therapy were observed and analyzed. The efficacy was evaluated using Choi criteria, which were divided into complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD) and progressive disease (PD). In addition, a total of 230 patients with high-risk GIST with "heterozygous mutation" in exon 11 of KIT gene and 117 patients with recurrent or metastatic GIST with "heterozygous mutation" in exon 11 of KIT gene were included. The propensity score matching method was used to match GIST patients with "heterozygous" and "homozygous" mutations in exon 11 of KIT gene (1∶1) for survival analysis. The disease-free survival (DFS) between two groups of high-risk GIST patients who underwent complete surgical resection were compared. And progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with recurrent or metastatic GIST were compared. Results: Of the 92 GIST cases with KIT/PDGFRA "homozygous mutation", 58 were males and 34 were females, with a median onset age of 62 (31-91) years. Primary GIST 83 cases. Primary high-risk GIST (53 cases), metastatic GIST (21 cases) and recurrent GIST (9 cases) accounted for 90.2% (83/92). There were 90 cases of KIT gene"homozygous mutation" (exon 11 for 88 cases, exon 13 for 1 case, exon 17 for 1 case), and 2 cases of PDGFRA gene "homozygous mutation" (exon 12 for 1 case, exon 18 for 1 case). The median follow-up time was 49 (8-181) months. Among the 61 cases of primary localized GIST undergoing complete surgical resection, 2 cases were intermediate-risk GIST, 5 cases were low-risk GIST, and 1 case was very low-risk GIST, of whom 1 case of intermediate-risk GIST received 1-year adjuvant imatinib mesylate (IM) therapy after operation, and no tumor recurrence developed during the follow-up period. The remaining 53 cases were high-risk GIST, and follow-up data were obtained from 50 cases, of whom 22 developed tumor recurrence during follow-up. Of 9 patients directly receiving neoadjuvant targeted therapy (IM or avapritinib), 5 had complete imaging follow-up data, and the evaluation of efficacy achieved PR. Of all the 92 GIST cases with KIT/PDGFRA "homozygous mutation", 50 (54.4%) had tumor metastasis or tumor recurrence or progression during follow-up, and 12 (13.0%) died of the tumor. Survival analysis combined with propensity score showed that in 100 cases of high-risk GISTs with complete resection, GISTs with "homozygous mutation" in exon 11 of KIT gene had shorter disease-free survival (DFS) than GISTs with "heterozygous mutation" in exon 11 of KIT gene (median DFS: 72 months vs. 148 months, P=0.015). In 60 cases of recurrent or metastatic GISTs with KIT gene exon 11 mutation, IM was used as the first-line treatment, and the progression-free survival (PFS) of GISTs with "homozygous mutation" was shorter compared to GISTs with "heterozygous mutation" (median PFS: 38 months vs. 69 months, P=0.044). The differences were statistically significant. Conclusions: "Homozygous mutation" in KIT/PDGFRA gene is associated with the progression of GIST. The corresponding targeted therapeutic drugs are still effective for GIST with KIT/PDGFRA gene "homozygous mutation". Compared with GIST patients with "heterozygous mutation" in KIT exon 11, GIST patients with "homozygous mutation" in KIT exon 11 are more likely to relapse after surgery and to develop resistance to IM. Therefore, it is still necessary to seek more effective treatment methods for this subset of cases.

Infection in Children with Acute Myeloid Leukemia in the Intensive Chemotherapy Period / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical characteristics of infection in children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after high intensive chemotherapy， so as to provide reference for prevention and control of infection.@*METHODS@#56 children diagnosed as acute myeloid leukemia in our hospital from January 2016 to August 2019 were enrolled and retrospectively analyzed, the infection rate, pathogens of disease and common location of infection during the induction and consolidation period were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The total infection rate of the patients was 93.4%－96.4%, the average of serious infection rate was 16.0%(11.3%－19.6%), and the infection related mortality was 10.7%. Fever of unknown cause was the main reason of infection, while blood flow infections were the most common in severe infection, which were mainly caused by Gramnegative bacteria. The rate of fungal infection was 35.7% during chemotherapy.@*CONCLUSION@#Children with AML shows a high incidence of infection in each stage of chemotherapy. The serious illness caused by blood flow infection and take antifungal drugs to reduce the occurrence of fungal infection in AML patients should be paid attention.

Bioprocess of nitrite accumulation in water - a review / 生物工程学报

Nitrite is a by-product of the nitrogen cycle. The excessive nitrite not only constrains growth and metabolism of bacteria, but also impairs health of humans and aquatic organisms. On the other hand, the continuous maintaining of nitrite accumulation could achieve the shortcut nitrification process, and reduce energy consumption of biological nitrogen removal to save cost. This article reviews the biological processes and causes of nitrite accumulation in the water environment, and summarizes the factors that affect the accumulation of nitrite, to provide reference for wastewater treatments, including improving the nitrogen removal efficiency, reducing operating costs, decreasing discharge of sewage and nitrite nitrogen in natural water.

Risk factors of lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer / 中国实用外科杂志

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the risk factors of early gastric cancer with lymph node metastasis.METHODS:Clinicopathological data of 220 early gastric cancer cases admitted at Changhai Hospital of Navy Military Medical University from January 2015 to November 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. The statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate gender, age, BMI, personal history, family history, tumor location, pathological features.RESULTS:The difference of lymph node metastasis between male and female(10%vs.22%,χ2=5.469,P=0.019),patients with tumor diameter <2 cm and ≥2 cm(7%vs.21%,χ2=8.375,P=0.004),patients with mucous invasionand submucous invasion(5%vs.28%,χ2=21.455,P<0.001),patients with ulceredand without ulcer(20%vs.10%,χ2=4.151,P=0.042),among patients with differentiated histology(11%, 27%, 12%respectivly,χ2=6.143,P=0.046)were statistically significant. Univariate analysis showed a positive relationship between depth of tumor invasion(OR=0.115,P<0.05)and lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer.CONCLUSION:Female, tumor diameter≥2 cm, in submucous invasion and mixed histology may be risk factors for lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer,which need further analysis.

Value of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Differential Diagnosis between the Adult Reversible Splenial Lesion Syndrome and Ischemic Infarction of the Splenium of the Corpus Callosum / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To evaluate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in differential diagnosis between the adult reversible splenial lesion syndrome (RESLES) and ischemic infarction of the splenium of the corpus callosum (SCC). Methods The MRI findings and clinical data of 7 RESLES patients and 13 patients with ischemic infarction of SCC who were clinically diagnosed and treated in our center from May 2015 to June 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. The main MRI findings included location,morphology,signal intensity,maximum cross-sectional area,diffusion weighted imaging (DWI),and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value. Results On the MRI findings of 7 RESLES patients (5 males and 2 females),the centers of all lesions of the SCC were located in the midline of SCC,the lesion shapes were round,ellipse,or spindle,and the distribution of the lesions was bilateral and symmetric as the center of the midline of SCC. The lesions were hyperintense on DWI,and the mean maximum cross-sectional area of lesions was (56.9±32.6) mm and the mean ADC value was (0.3963±0.0715) ×10 mm/s. On the review MRI,all the lesions disappeared (mean interval:10 days). On the MRI findings of 13 patients with ischemic infarction of SCC (10 males and 3 females),the lesions were irregular or patchy in shape and were almost laterally and asymmetrically distributed. The lesions were hyperintense on DWI,and the mean maximum cross-sectional area was (55.1±43.9) mm and the mean ADC value was (0.4978±0.0123) ×10 mm/s. The mean maximum cross-sectional area (t=0.096,P=0.925) and the ADC value (t=-1.988,P=0.062) were not significantly different between RESLES group and ischemic infarction of SCC group. Conclusions The location,morphology,and distribution of the SCC lesions and the co-existence of other lesions in the brain are helpful for the differential diagnosis between RESLES and ischemic infarction of SCC. However,the mean maximum cross-sectional area and the ADC value show no obvious difference between these two diseases.

Clinical efficacy and safety of total thyroidectomy combined with 131Ⅰradioiodine therapy for patients with hurthle cell thyroid cancer / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of total thyroidectomy combined with 131Ⅰradioiodine therapy for patients with hurthle cell thyroid cancer(HCT). Methods From January 2001 to January 2013,20 HCT patients in our hospital,who under-went total thyroidectomy combined with 131Ⅰradioiodine therapy. The complications, the thyroid dysfunction and tumor recurrence were ob-served. Results The total efficiency of patients received total thyroidectomy combined with 131Ⅰradioiodine therapy was 100%, with no hoarseness,infection and other complications. And there was no tumor recurrence or death during follow-up. Total thyroidectomy combined with central lymphadenectomy had increased the chance of injury of parathyroid. There was no significant differences of PTH levels between simple thyroidectomy and total thyroidectomy combined with central lymphadenectomy in patients with different stages of treatment in 131Ⅰtreatment (P>0. 05). Conclusion Simple thyroidectomy combined with 131Ⅰradioiodine therapy causes less chance of injury of parathy-roid that restored within a month, which is high safety.

Effects of bm47 deletion on viral replication and transcription of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus / 病毒学报

Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) bm47 gene is found in all sequenced lepidopteran nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs). It is one of the core genes of NPVs. However, the role of bm47 in the biological cycle of NPV remains unknown. In this study, the Red recombination system was used to knock out bm47 from BmNPV to construct bm47-ko-Bacmid in E. coli BW25113 system. Then bm47 gene was introduced back to the viral genome using the Bac-to-Bac system to create the repair virus bm47-re-Bacmid. TCID50 assay and real-time PCR (qPCR) were used to evaluate the effects of bm47 deletion on viral DNA replication, gene transcription, and protein expression. qPCR results showed that bm47 knock-out had no significant effect on viral DNA replication. However, the qPCR results showed that bm47-ko-Bacmid significantly decreased the transcription levels of early gene lef-3, late gene vp39, and very late gene p10 at 48 h and 72 h after viral transfection of BmN cells (P < 0.05). This work will provide a foundation for further studies on the biological function of BmNPV bm47 in viral replication and transcription.

Genotypes distribution of hepatitis C virus through multi-center, large sample studies among chronic hepatitis C patients in Chinese Han population / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the distribution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes in China.Methods A national multi-center,large sample epidemiological survey was carried out and certified by an international third-party testing organization.Internationally accepted method for sequencing analysis of viral genotype was used.Results Patients were those suffered from the 4 major genotypes of chronic hepatitis C,including nine subtypes,which were dominated by genotype 1 (69.6％),with type lb in particular (accounting for 68.38％ ).Among the rare gene-6,we saw more subtypes of 6a.In the south,central,and north areas,there was no significant difference seen between the south and the north areas in the distribution of the genotype 1.However,the rate of gene type 2a increased gradually from south to north.In terms of less common type of gene 3b and gene-6,they were seen mainly in the southern provinces.Conclusion In China,Patients with chronic hepatitis C had 4 HCV genotypes,with 9 subtypes.The rarely seen genotypes 3b and 6 were mainly distributed in the southern provinces.

Influences of warming kidney prescription on antiviral therapeutic efficacy and creatine kinase in telbivudine-treated HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients / 中华肝脏病杂志

To study the influences of warming kidney prescription on antiviral therapeutic efficacy and creatine kinase (CK) level in telbivudine-treated HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients with kidney yang deficiency syndrome. Ninety-six cases were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups (n=48 each): warming kidney prescription treatment or control. Both groups were treated for 52 weeks with telbivudine monotherapy, but the treatment group received additional treatment with the warming kidney prescription. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome score, biochemical response, virological response, serological response, CK level, and adverse reactions were recorded for each group in order to perform comparative analysis of the warming kidney prescription's effects. A total of 84 patients, including 43 cases in the treatment group, completed the study. The warming kidney prescription led to significantly improved total clinical syndrome efficacy, TCM syndrome score, biochemical response, virological response, and HBeAg serological responses, as evidenced by changes for each parameter observed in the treatment group versus the control group (respectively, 88.37% vs. 63.41%, 4.97+/-1.88 vs. 10.13+/-3.72, 95.35% vs. 75.61%, 81.40% vs. 56.10%, 48.84% vs. 26.83% (all, P less than 0.05)). No patient in either group experienced primary treatment failure. Seven cases, all from the control group, experienced virological breakthrough. Elevated CK was observed in both the treatment and control groups, but significantly more patients in the control group experienced this adverse reaction (respectively, 73.17% vs. 44.19%; P less than 0.01). The warming kidney prescription can increase telbivudine antiviral therapeutic efficacy and decrease the telbivudine-induced increase in creatine kinase in HbeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients with kidney yang deficiency syndrome.

Comparative Efficacy of Ivermectin and Levamisole for Reduction of Migrating and Encapsulated Larvae of Baylisascaris transfuga in Mice

The comparative efficacy of 2 anthelmintics (ivermectin and levamisole) against Baylisascaris transfuga migrating and encapsulated larvae was studied in mice. A total of 60 BALB/c mice inoculated each with about 1,000 embryonated B. transfuga eggs were equally divided into 6 groups (A-F) randomly. Mice of groups A and B were treated with ivermectin and levamisole, respectively, on day 3 post-infection (PI). Mice of groups A-C were killed on day 13 PI. Similarly, groups D and E were treated with ivermectin and levamisole, respectively, on day 14 PI, and all mice of groups D-F were treated on day 24 PI. The groups C and F were controls. Microexamination was conducted to count the larvae recovering from each mouse. The percentages of reduction in the number of migrating larvae recovered from group A (ivermectin) and B (levamisole) were 88.3% and 81.1%, respectively. In addition, the reduction in encapsulated larvae counts achieved by ivermectin (group D) and levamisole (group E) was 75.0% and 49.2%, respectively. The results suggested that, to a certain extent, both anthelmintics appeared to be more effective against migrating larvae than encapsulated larvae. However, in the incipient stage of infection, ivermectin may be more competent than levamisole as a larvicidal drug for B. transfuga.

Enhancement effects of hypoxia on invasion and metastasis of K562 cells / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the potential effect of hypoxia on invasion and metastasis of leukemia cell line K562.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>K562 cells were cultured with the conventional method in vitro and treated with 1%, 3% and 5% oxygen for 24 hrs. The normoxic cultured K562 cells were used as the control group. Cell adhesion assay, cell migration assay and cell invasion assay were used to detect the adhesion, migration and invasion abilities of K562 cells. RT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of HIF-1alpha, VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9. The protein level of HIF-1alpha was measured by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, the 3% and 5% oxygen treatment groups significantly increased the adhesion, migration and invasion abilities of K562 cells (p<0.05 or <0.01), and up-regulated the protein level of HIF-1alpha and the mRNA levels of HIF-1alpha,VEGF, MMP-9 and MMP-2 (p<0.05 or 0.01). However, there were no significant differences in the above indexes between the 1% oxygen treatment and the control groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Moderate hypoxia can enhance the abilities of invasion and metastasis of K562 cells, probably by an up-regulation of HIF-1alpha level and VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA expression.</p>

Situation of impaired glucose regulation and metabolic syndrome in overweight or obesity adolescent students in Dongguan city / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the occurrence and development of adolescent students' type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by researching the characteristics of the adolescent students' impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) effected by overweight or obesity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From May to November 2007, 3856 middle school students aged 11 to 18 years old in Dongguan city were enrolled in the study. Overweight or obesity (b/Ob) depended on three indexes: the national unified school-age children and adolescent students' body mass index (BMI) and the temporary screening classification standard II established by the Working Group on Obesity in China, BP > or = 140/90 mm Hg (1mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) and fasting capillary whole glucose which was greater than or equal to 5.6 mmol/L. The fasting capillary whole glucose was screened by blood glucose meter from fingertips. Students who had any abnormal indexes were brought into this study. On basis of voluntary principle, blood lipid, fasting blood glucose (FPG) and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2 h PG), fasting insulin (FIns) of 368 male and 326 female students who conformed to these conditions were measured using their venous blood. By temporary BMI standard II, they were divided into overweight group (b) and obesity group (Ob). Data of different age groups (11 to 14; 15 to 18 years old) was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The BMI, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), insulin resistance index (IR), IFG and IGT of the same age stage in two groups were compared. The BMI value was (22.1 +/- 2.4) kg/m2, LDL-C was (2.38 +/- 0.65) mmol/L, IR was 1.15 +/- 0.58 and the detection rates of IFG and IGT were 3.5% and 1.4% respectively in female students aged 11 to 14 years old in b group. In Ob group, BMI value was (24.4 +/- 3.9) kg/m2, LDL-C was (2.70 +/- 0.73) mmol/L, IR was 1.36 +/- 0.67 and the detection rates of IFG and IGT were 14.6% and 6.3% respectively. t or chi2 values of two groups which were compared were 4.83, 2.45, 2.10, 7.41 and 7.99 (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). BMI value was (25.8 +/- 3.1) kg/m2, LDL-C was (2.35 +/- 0.62) mmol/L, IR was 1.14 +/- 0.64 and the detection rates of IFG and IGT were 3.1% and 4.1% respectively in 15 to 18 years old in b group. In Ob group, BMI value was (28.0 +/- 4.3) kg/m2, LDL-C was (2.69 +/- 0.69) mmol/L, IR was 1.43 +/- 0.84 and the detection rates of IFG and IGT were 12.8% and 15.4% respectively. t or chi2 values of two groups which were compared were 3.33, 2.79, 1.87, 4.75 and 5.17 (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). BMI value was (22.4 +/- 2.3) kg/m2, LDL-C was (2.36 +/- 0.67) mmol/L, IR was 1.19 +/- 0.65 and the detection rates of IFG and IGT were 3.6% and 1.8% respectively in male students of 11 to 14 years old in b group. In Ob group, BMI value was (24.6 +/- 4.2) kg/m2, LDL-C was (2.68 +/- 0.71) mmol/L, IR was 1.44 +/- 0.89 and the detection rates of IFG and IGT were 13.3% and 9.4% respectively. t or chi2 values of two groups which were compared were 4.85, 2.72, 2.19, 6.75 and 6.76 (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). BMI value was (26.4 +/- 2.8) kg/m2, LDL-C was (2.35 +/- 0.70) mmol/L, IR was 1.24 +/- 0.68 and the detection rates of IFG and IGT were 4.7% and 5.6% respectively in 15 to 18 years old in b group. In Ob group, BMI value was (28.2 +/- 4.8) kg/m2, LDL-C was (2.71 +/- 0.73) mmol/L, IR was 1.50 +/- 0.95 and the detection rates of IFG and IGT were 17.9% and 17.9% respectively. t or chi2 values of two groups which were compared were 2.80, 2.69, 1.84, 6.68 and 6.27 (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). The male students' FPG of 11 to 14 years old in b group was (4.88 +/- 0.76) mmol/L and FPG of Ob group was (5.09 +/- 0.80) mmol/L. Two groups were compared and t = 1.84 (P < 0.05). The statistical differences were all observed. We compared different age stages and found that the male students' 2-hour PG of 11 to 14 years old in Ob group was (5.13 +/- 1.18) mmol/L and the 2-hour PG of 15 to 18 years old was (5.36 +/- 1.24) mmol/L. Two groups were compared and t = 1.78 (P < 0.05) near the adults value. Male students' IGT of 11 to 14 years old (b/Ob) had 8 positive cases and the positive detection rate was 3.6%. IGT of 15 to 18 years old (b/Ob) had 13 positive cases and the positive detection rate was 8.9%. Two age stages were compared and chi2 = 6.86 (P < 0.01). Female students' IGT of 11 to 14 years old (b/Ob) had 5 positive cases and the positive detection rate was 2.6%. IGT of 15 to 18 years old (b/Ob) had 10 positive cases and the positive detection rate was 7.4%. Two age stages were compared and chi2 = 4.02 (P < 0.05). All had statistical significance. The high IGT incidence rate of b/Ob group's male and female students was in the stage of 15 - 18 years old. Male students were more obvious.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>T2DM prevention among adolescent students should start with body overweight control. Meanwhile, the adolescent students with high risk factors should be screened regularly and early measures should be taken to prevent the impaired glucose regulation (IFG, IGT) transforming into T2DM.</p>

Blood pressure of children and adolescents in Beijing / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Hypertension is one of the most common disorders in adults. Although it may be already present in children and adolescents, it does not often have clinical pictures. There is a lack of data on the blood pressure in children in Beijing area. This study was conducted to investigate the present situation of blood pressure of children and adolescents in Beijing area.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Children and adolescents aged 3 to 18 years in 4 urban and 3 rural areas of Beijing were involved in the study at random. Blood pressure (BP) was measured three times with the use of mercury sphygmomanometery, and the means of the last two BP value were recorded. Systolic BP (SBP) was determined by the first Korotkoff sound, and diastolic BP (DBP) by the fourth Korotkoff sound.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Altogether, 20 780 (99.6%) individuals with complete records were studied, including 10 582 from urban and 10 198 from rural areas; 10 398 were males and 10 382 were females. BP of boys was higher than that of girls [SBP: (106 +/- 12) mm Hg vs. (101 +/- 11) mm Hg, u = 27.14, P < 0.01; DBP: (67 +/- 9) mm Hg vs. (65 +/- 8) mm Hg, u = 14.14, P < 0.01]. BP of both boys and girls increased with age. However, SBP had a larger magnitude of increase than that of DBP. Both SBP and DBP of urban children were lower than those of rural children [SBP: (103 +/- 12) mm Hg vs. (104 +/- 12) mm Hg, u = 2.55, P < 0.05; DBP: (66 +/- 8) mm Hg vs. (67 +/- 9) mm Hg, u = 6.73, P < 0.01]. There was a positive correlation between BP and age, height, weight and BMI. SBP had a stronger relationship with each variable than DBP did. Among children aged 6 - 18 years, about 8.1% were found to have hypertension according to the criteria of blood pressure of children and adolescents by age and by gender of 1987 in Beijing.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The present study provided with the current information and characteristics of blood pressure of children and adolescents in Beijing area. The blood pressure was correlated with sex, age, body height, body weight and BMI of children and adolescents.</p>

Anti-tumor effect of gene-viral therapeutic system CNHK300-murine endostatin on nude mouse gastric cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the anti-tumor effect of a novel gene-viral therapeutic system CNHK300-murine endostatin (CNHK300-mE) on gastric cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells (5 x 10(7) cells/mouse) were injected s.c. into the right flank of Balb/c nude mice, grown to 4-5 mm to demonstrate tumor take, and 10(9) pfu/100 microl CNHK300-mE virus was injected into tumors. Tumor sizes were measured with calipers every other day. Serum samples were obtained by retro-orbital puncture and level of endostatin expression in serum was quantitated by ELISA. Fifteen days after treatment, all mice were sacrificed and tumors were excised for immunohistochemical staining of PCNA, hexon and vWF. Tumor cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>From the 7th day post-treatment, the bearing tumors of mice treated with CNHK300-mE were significantly smaller than those of control group treated with PBS. Seven days after treatment, expression of endostatin was (2115 +/- 770) ng/ml, significantly higher than that of control group. Immunohistochemical staining indicated that hexon was expressed in treated tumor cells, and PCNA LI (label index) [(55.0+/-1.4)% vs control (74.1 +/- 0.4)%, P<0.05], microvessel density (MVD) of CNHK300-mE treated tumors decreased significantly. Apoptosis obviously increased in tumor cells[(78.4 +/- 9.1)% vs control (15.2 +/- 0.5)%, P<0.01]. Apoptosis bodies and crystal grid were found in tumor cell nuclear by electron microscope.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Gene-viral therapeutic system CNHK300-murine endostatin can replicate in gastric cancer cells. The mouse endostatin gene cloned into CNHK300-mE expressed in high level. CNHK300-mE may induce tumor cells apoptosis, reduce the expression of PCNA and efficiently suppress gastric cancer growth through inhibiting tumor angiogenesis.</p>

Pathophysiological role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 / 基础医学与临床

The rennin angiotensin system has been recognized for many years as a key regulator in systemic blood pressure and the metabolism of water and salt. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2(ACE2) is the first human homolog of angiotensin converting enzyme which efficiently hydrolyze the angiotensin Ⅱ to vasodilator angiotensin 1-7.ACE2 is now implicated in cardiovascular,renal, lung disease and serves as a receptor for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus.